MLA Parenthetical Citation

MLA Parenthetical Citation

MLA (Modern Language Association) is the format preferred by those in academic disciplines like the humanities and English.

Running text

If the author's name does not appear in the running text (also used for paraphrasing)

Example:

Running text here,"Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a 'zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment,' delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection" (Lopez 128).

If the author's name appears in the running text

Example:

According to Lopez, "Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a 'zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment,' delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection" (128).

Blocked-in text

If the author's name does not appear in the running text

Example:

Traditionally, in Europe, the unicorn was thought to have been a mysterious animal, but then in the 17th century:

The first European...was the cartographer Gerhard Mercator who clearly identified the narwhal as the source of the unicorn's horn in 1621. In 1638, Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a "zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment," delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection. (Lopez 128)

If the author's name appears in the running text,

Example:

According to Lopez, traditionally, in Europe, the unicorn was thought to have been a mysterious animal, but then in the 17th century:

The first European...was the cartographer Gerhard Mercator who clearly identified the narwhal as the source of the unicorn's horn in 1621. In 1638, Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a "zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment," delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection. (128)

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Works Cited

Lopez, Barry. Arctic Dreams. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986.

If the writer has used more than one source from an author,

Example:

Traditionally, in Europe, the unicorn was thought to have been a mysterious animal, but then in the 17th century:

The first European...was the cartographer Gerhard Mercator who clearly identified the narwhal as the source of the unicorn's horn in 1621. In 1638, Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a "zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment," delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection. (Lopez, Arctic Dreams, 128)

°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°

Works Cited

Lopez, Barry. Arctic Dreams. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986.

Lopez, Barry. Crow and Weasel. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982.

For further questions consult citation machine

Other sources for documentation in research-oriented writing:

• Purdue University's online writing lab (MLA guidelines)
• Capital Community College in Hartford, Connecticut, page for MLA guidelines

The first European...was the cartographer Gerhard Mercator who clearly identified the narwhal as the source of the unicorn's horn in 1621. In 1638, Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a "zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment," delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection. 1

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

(Note: This would appear at the bottom of the page where the footnote appeared in the text)

1 Lopez, Arctic Dreams, p. 128. This is the National Book Award-winning effort that repopularized the Arctic landscape during the 1980s and caused the dramatic increase in eco-tourism to the area.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Works Cited

Lopez, Barry. Arctic Dreams. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986.

The first European...was the cartographer Gerhard Mercator who clearly identified the narwhal as the source of the unicorn's horn in 1621. In 1638, Ole Wurm, a Danish professor and a "zoologist and antiquarian of high attainment," delivered a speech in Copenhagen in which he made the same connection. 2

Works Cited

Lopez, Barry. Arctic Dreams. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1986.
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(Note: This endnote would appear at the end of the text -- usually before the works cited page. Endnotes are usually reserved for academic texts and are usually reserved for very long annotations, longer than what could normally be supplied for footnotes)

2 Lopez, Arctic Dreams, p. 128. This is the National Book Award-winning effort that repopularized the Arctic landscape during the 1980s and caused the dramatic increase in eco-tourism to the area.

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